Piedmont-Sardinia, Kingdom of

Piedmont-Sardinia, Kingdom of
   A territory of northwestern Italy united under the House of Savoy by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748. The kingdom was conquered by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1796 but recovered its independence at the Congress of Vienna in 1814. Liberals in the kingdom began to agitate for constitutional government in the 1820s, yet made the critical breakthrough only under King Charles Albert in the landmark year of 1848. Piedmont was thereafter active in the Risorgimento to unite Italy but was thwarted at the battles of Custozza and Novara in the effort to prize Lombardy from Austrian rule. Under Victor Emmanuel III and Count Cavour, the effort was rejoined by way of an alliance with France against Austria in 1859. It was successful in joining Piedmont to the Kingdom of Italy in 1861, although Savoy and Nice were ceded to France in compensation for alliance services rendered.
   See also <>.
   FURTHER READING:
    Di Scala, Spencer M. Italy: From Revolution to Republic, 1700 to the Present. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1998;
    Hearder, Harry. Italy in the Age of the Risorgimento, 1790–1870. New York: Longman, 1983.
   CARL CAVANAGH HODGE

Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914. 2014.

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