Lunéville, Treaty of

(1801)

   A peace treaty signed on February 9, 1801, between the French Republic and the Holy Roman Empire, under its Austrian Habsburg emperor, Francis II, which concluded Franco-Austrian hostilities in the War of the Second Coalition (1799–1801). It essentially confirmed the previous terms of the Treaty of Campo Formio of April 1797, which had ended the War of the First Coalition (1792–1797). Again, Belgium, the left bank of the Rhine, Lombardy, Milan, Modena, and some small territories were ceded by the Habsburg monarch to France. However, in an exchange that benefited the Habsburg monarchy by consolidating its boundaries, they were again given Venetia and its Dalmatian possessions as far south as Cattaro, which the French had originally seized in April 1797. Tuscany passed to the Spanish Duke of Parma, and its Habsburg former grand duke was to be indemnified in Germany. The treaty reestablished the international Congress of Rastadt, suspended in April 1799, where the European ambassadors would implement the treaties. Its main task would now be the reorganization of Germany’s states, which secularized the many ecclesiastical lands and significantly reduced the number of larger surviving states. French satellite republics were reestablished in Batavia, (Holland), Helvetia (Switzerland), Cisalpine (northern Italy), and Liguria (Genoa), although France agreed to evacuate her forces from all of them. The war between France and Great Britain would continue for another year until the Treaty of Amiens of March 1802. France’s failure to honor her pledge to evacuate the satellite republics would lead to renewed war with Great Britain in 1803 and eventually the War of the Third Coalition of 1805.

   See also <>.

   FURTHER READING:

    Rodger, A. B. The War of the Second Coalition, 1798–1801 . Oxford: Clarendon, 1964;

    Shroeder, Paul W. The Transformation of European Politics, 1763–1848. Oxford: Clarendon, 1994.

   DAVID HOLLINS