Hugo, Victor

Hugo, Victor
(1802–1885)
   Among the greatest French writers of the nineteenth century and a major contributor to French national mythology, Hugo was born on February 26, the son of Léopold Hugo, a general in Napoleon ’s army and Sophie Trébuchet. Hugo’s mother ensured that he received an excellent education in the classics and languages. To a significant extent, Hugo determined the directions of French literature during the nineteenth century and contributed to the intellectual milieu of his time, with his wide-ranging ideas on politics, religion, poverty, capital punishment, and social injustice. He is largely regarded as the leader of the romantic movement, whose essence is mostly captured in his poetry. Apart from poetry, Hugo also wrote novels, as well as plays, including the famous masterpiece, The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Hugo lived in exile in the Channel Islands for his anti-Bonapartist political beliefs. While there he wrote Les Miserables, later made into a musical play. Hugo died in May 1885. His funeral procession was extremely long, leading to the Panthéon as the French mourned the death of the respected French literary artist.
   FURTHER READING:
    Robb, Graham. Victor Hugo, A Biography. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997.
   NURFADZILAH YAHAYA

Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914. 2014.

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