Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of

Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of
(1848)
   The treaty ending the Mexican War of 1845-1848 and transferring over half of the Mexican territory to the United States. Negotiated by Nicholas P. Trist for the United States and Luis Gonzaga Cuevas, Bernardo Couto, and Miguel Aristrain for Mexico, the treaty was signed on February 2, ratified by the U.S. Senate on March 10 and the Mexican government on May 30, and proclaimed July 4, 1848. American interest in territory south of the Louisiana Purchase had been longstanding. In 1836, Texas declared itself independent of Mexico, and in 1845 the United States annexed Texas. After a clash between American and Mexican troops on Mexican territory, Congress declared war on May 13, 1846. American troops captured Mexico City on September 17, 1847, and Trist, without official authorization, opened negotiations later that year.
   By the treaty, Mexico ceded what later became Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, and parts of Colorado, Nevada, and Utah, to the United States, in all some 55 percent of Mexican territory. Washington compensated Mexico with $15 million for war-related damages to Mexican property and assumed up to $3.5 million of claims by American citizens against Mexico. The border was set at the Rio Grande and the two nations agreed to cooperate on any future road, canal, or railway project along the Gila River, later the basis of the 1853 Gadsden Purchase.
   The treaty benefited mainly the United States, which completed, except for the Gadsden Purchase of 1853, its contiguous continental expansion by increasing its national territory by approximately one-quarter. Many Americans viewed the treaty as a validation of the nation’s Manifest Destiny to expand across the continent, but the terms soured Mexican-American relations for decades and the territorial acquisition exacerbated sectional divisions in the United States. The treaty and the circumstances surrounding it exemplify America’s antebellum expansionist thrust.
   FURTHER READING:
    Hunter Miller, ed. Treaties and other International Acts of the United States of America. Vol. V. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1937, pp. 207–428;
    Pletcher, David M. The Diplomacy of Annexation: Texas, Oregon, and the Mexican War. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1973.
   KENNETH J. BLUME

Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914. 2014.

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  • Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of — (Feb. 2, 1848) Treaty between the U.S. and Mexico that ended the Mexican War, named for the Mexico City neighbourhood where it was signed. It drew the U.S. Mexico boundary at the Rio Grande and the Gila River. For $15 million the U.S. received… …   Universalium

  • Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty — The treaty, perhaps better called the Treaty of Queretaro, of Feb. 2, 1848, which ended the War between the United States and the Republic of Mexico. 9 Stat 923. guadia.. A pledge …   Ballentine's law dictionary

  • Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of —  1848 treaty in which Mexico ceded to the United States what would become the states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, Texas, and Utah …   Bryson’s dictionary for writers and editors

  • Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of — /triydiy sv gwadaluwpey hi(y)dalgow/ A treaty between the United States and Mexico, terminating the Mexican War, dated February 2, 1848. See Gadsden Purchase …   Black's law dictionary

  • Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of — /triydiy sv gwadaluwpey hi(y)dalgow/ A treaty between the United States and Mexico, terminating the Mexican War, dated February 2, 1848. See Gadsden Purchase …   Black's law dictionary

  • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo — The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ( Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo in Spanish) is the peace treaty, largely dictated by the United Statescite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/war/wars end guadalupe.html|title=War s End: Treaty of… …   Wikipedia

  • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo — ▪ Primary Source       This agreement ended the war between the United States and Mexico. It was signed on February 2, 1848, at Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo. By its terms, the United States paid Mexico $15 million for more than 525,000 square miles …   Universalium

  • Guadalupe Hidalgo — /gwahd l oohp hi dahl goh, ooh pee/; Sp. /gwah dhah looh pe ee dhahl gaw/ a city in the Federal District of Mexico: famous shrine; peace treaty 1848. 1,182,895. Official name, Gustavo A. Madero. * * * …   Universalium

  • Guadalupe Hidalgo — Gua•da•lupe Hi•dal•go [[t]ˌgwɑd lˈup hɪˈdɑl goʊ, ˌgwɑd lˈu pi[/t]] n. geg a city in the Federal District of Mexico: famous shrine; peace treaty 1848. 1,182,895 Official name, Gustavo A. Madero …   From formal English to slang

  • Guadalupe Hidalgo — /gwadəˈlupeɪ hɪˈdælgoʊ/ (say gwahduh loohpay hi dalgoh) noun a city in central Mexico; famous shrine; peace treaty between the US and Mexico, 1848 …  

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