Cardwell, Edward, First Viscount Cardwell

Cardwell, Edward, First Viscount Cardwell
(1813–1886)
   British colonial secretary who did much to initiate the process of Canadian confederation but best remembered for his army reforms while at the War Office in Gladstone’s first government, 1868–1874. Cardwell entered parliament for Liverpool as a Free Trade Conservative in 1842, and was always strongly associated with Sir Robert Peel, whose memoirs he edited. He was known for his expertise on financial, mercantile and maritime questions. Losing his Liverpool seat in 1852 because of his support for the repeal of the navigation acts - in effect protection for merchant shipping - he sat as a Liberal for the City of Oxford for the rest of his political career. As colonial secretary under Lord Palmerston and John Russell from 1864 to 1866, he prodded Canadian leaders in the direction of confederation and began the process of withdrawing British troops from both Canada and, more controversially, New Zealand.
   He became secretary for war in 1868, in which office he continued the gradual draw-down of troops in colonial service. Influenced by Prussian successes in the 1870 war with France, he reorganized the War Office and introduced the concept of short service enlistments followed by service in the reserves. Most significantly, however, he abolished the system of army commission purchase, meeting significant opposition in committee and from the Lords. The latter he was able to overcome only with the assistance of a royal warrant, forbidding commission sales. The episode did much to estrange the officer class from the Liberal Party. Cardwell refused to succeed Gladstone as head of the Liberal Party on the latter’s, as it turned out, temporary resignation in 1874, and was in poor health for the final dozen years of his life.
   See also <>; <>; <>.
   FURTHER READING:
    Biddulph, Sir Robert. Lord Cardwell at the War Office. London: John Murray, 1904;
    Eriskson, Arvel B. “Edward T. Cardwell,” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 49/2 (1959).
   MARK F. PROUDMAN

Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914. 2014.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Edward Cardwell, 1. Viscount Cardwell — Edward Cardwell, 1. Viscount Cardwell …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Cardwell, Edward Cardwell, Viscount — ▪ British statesman born July 24, 1813, Liverpool, Eng. died Feb. 15, 1886, Torquay, Devon       British statesman who, as secretary of state for war (1868–74), was considered to be the greatest British military reformer of the 19th century,… …   Universalium

  • Edward Cardwell — This is about the English theologian; for the British politician, see Edward Cardwell, 1st Viscount Cardwell. Edward Cardwell (1787 23 May 1861) was an English theologian also noted for his contributions to the study of English church history. In …   Wikipedia

  • Cardwell, Queensland — Infobox Australian Place | type = town name = Cardwell state = qld caption = lga = Cassowary Coast Regional Council postcode = 4849 est = pop = 1,250 pop footnotes = elevation= 5 elevation footnotes = [… …   Wikipedia

  • Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston — Lord Palmerston and Henry Temple redirect here. For the peerage, see Viscount Palmerston; for the Congressman from Pennsylvania, see Henry Wilson Temple. Infobox Prime Minister honorific prefix = The Right Honourable name=The Viscount Palmerston… …   Wikipedia

  • Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley — Infobox Military Person name=The Viscount Wolseley KP OM GCB GCMG VD PC lived=1833 1913 caption= Field Marshal Lord Wolseley nickname= placeofbirth= Golden Bridge, County Dublin, Ireland placeofdeath= Mentone, France allegiance= flagicon|United… …   Wikipedia

  • David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles — For other people named David Eccles, see David Eccles (disambiguation). The Right Honourable The Viscount Eccles CH KCVO PC Paymaster General and Minister for the Arts In offic …   Wikipedia

  • Wolseley, Garnet Wolseley, Field Marshal Viscount — (1833–1913)    Among the most successful British soldiers of the nineteenth century, Garnet Wolseley was the son of an impecunious Anglo Irish army officer. Unable to afford a commission, he was granted one by the Duke of Wellington on the… …   Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914

  • United Kingdom — a kingdom in NW Europe, consisting of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: formerly comprising Great Britain and Ireland 1801 1922. 58,610,182; 94,242 sq. mi. (244,100 sq. km). Cap.: London. Abbr.: U.K. Official name, United Kingdom of Great… …   Universalium

  • Winston Churchill — For other uses, see Winston Churchill (disambiguation). Churchill redirects here. For other uses, see Churchill (disambiguation). The Right Honourable Sir Winston Churchill …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”